Introduction For about 150 years, the telephone service has provided a socially important communication means to billions of people. For at least a century the telecom industry wanted to offer a more complete user experience (as we would call it today) by adding the visual to the speech component. Probably the first large scale attempt at offering such an audio-visual service was AT&T’s PicturePhone in the mid 1960's. The service was eventually discontinued but the idea of expanding the telephone…

Introduction An ecosystem is composed of elements variously interconnected and variously dependent on one another. Standardisation is a particular type of ecosystem. Purpose of this article is to analyse the elements of the MPEG ecosystem and their relationships. Standardisation in the past In days long bygone, standardisation in what today we would call the “media industry” followed a rather simple process. A company wishing to attach a “standard” label to a product that had become successful in the market made…

There are people who do not like MPEG (I wonder why), but so far I have not found anybody disputing the success of MPEG. Some people claim that only a few MPEG standards are successful, but maybe that is because some MPEG standards are_so_ successful. In this article the reasons of MPEG success are identified and analysed by using the 18 elements of the figure below. A standard for all. In the late 1980's many industries, regions and countries had…

Introduction MPEG has given humans the means to add significant more effectiveness and enjoyment to their lives. This comes at a cost, though. Giving billions of people the means to stream video streamed to anywhere at any time of the day, adds to global energy consumption. Enhanced experiences provided by newer featurers such as High Dynamic Range further adds energy consumption in the display. More sophisticated compression algorithms consume more energy, even though this can be mitigated by more advanced…

Introduction In How does MPEG actually work? I described the way MPEG develops its standards, an implementation of the ISO/IEC Directives for technical work. This article describes the life of one of MPEG most prestigious standards: MPEG-2 Systems, which has turned 26 in November 2018 and has played a major role in creating the digital world that we know. What is MPEG-2 Systems? When MPEG started, standards for compressed video and later audio was the immediate goal. But it was…

Introduction The well-known double helix carries the DNA of living beings. The human DNA contains about 3.2 billion nucleotide base pairs represented by the quaternary symbols (A, G, C, T). With high-speed sequencing machines today it is possible to "read" the DNA. The resulting file contains millions of “reads”, short segments of symbols, typically all of the same length, and weighs an unwieldy few Terabytes. The upcoming MPEG-G standards, developed jointly by MPEG and ISO TC 276 Biotechnology, will reduce the…